Two-Photon Polymerization

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The Microlight 3D machines use the two-photon polymerization technology (TPP) to create their 3D structures.
Two photon Polymerization

Based on the non-linear two-photon absorption phenomenon, our technology creates a solid 3D-printed structure from a photoactivable material.

Two photons can be absorbed simultaneously by the photo-activated-monomer in the very small volume called "voxel" at the focal point of our pulsed-laser (image above). A chemical reaction starts, and the liquid monomer becomes a solid polymer inside the voxel.

With the right combination of optical elements and monomer-material, the voxel diameter may be as small as 0.1 µm ! That is why our technology is perfectly adapted for ultra-high resolution 3D printing. micro-printed needles

Led by our proprietary software, the Microlight machine moves its laser voxel inside the material to create a solid structure.
The laser can even go through polymerized parts, so the voxel is moved freely in three dimensions inside the monomer, therefore any shape can be 3D-printed with our technology !
A wide range of materials can be used, such as photo-polymer, bio-compatible materials, and even proteins and other biomaterials.

You may discover some research works done using our 3D-micro-printing technology in the scientific publications listed below.

Our Unique Technology

The two-photon polymerization (2PP) technology used in Microlight3D micro-manufacturing machines is the result of 15 years of fundamental research at the University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA), the first scientific publications dating from 2002. The researchers have demonstrated that the control of laser-pulses in the sub-nanosecond regime, together with a careful mastering of the non-linear laser-polymer interaction, can create ultra narrow and reproducible voxels, which is the base for high-resolution and high-smoothness 3D printing. Furthermore, they have demonstrated that the voxel could be positioned, and moved freely, anywhere in the volume of the resin, slashing away the layer-by-layer approach of the classical Additive Manufacturing technologies, and opening the way to true generative-printing.

These innovations allow Microlight3D to bring 3D printers to the market with unique characteristics, in terms of highest printing-resolution, compactness, and flexibility of use.
It also provides better reliability because these industrial lasers last a very long time with no need for yearly maintenance.

Want to go further ?
See our machines

Print with a resolution down to <0.2 microns !
Blood capillaries 3D printing

Printing resolution is given by the material, the wavelength of the laser and the objective used for the fabrication.

Our 532 nm wavelength ensures therefore a ultra-high 3D-printing resolution below 0.2 microns, using a 1.25 numerical aperture immersion objective.

Nota bene : the laser pulse duration has no visible impact on the resolution.

Our 3D-micro-printing systems are provided with a standard minimal resolution of 0.2 µm.

However, some of our customers have achieved a resolution down to 67 nanometers !

courtesy of T.T. Chung et al., National Taiwan University

Scientific publications

The Microlight3D two-photon polymerization technology was used for the following publications :

Design and evaluation of a 3D multi-manifold micromixer realized by a double-Archimedes-screw for rapid mixing within a short distance
Chow-Shing Shin, Patrice L.Baldeck, Yung-Mau Nie, Yi-Hsiung Lee, Zheng-DaLin, Chia-Chin Chiang, Chih-Lang Lin
Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, Volume 120, March 2021, Pages 59-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2021.03.028

Fabrication and Magnetic Actuation of 3D-Microprinted Multifunctional Hybrid Microstructures
Victor Vieille, Roxane Pétrot, Olivier Stéphan, Guillaume Delattre, Florence Marchi, Marc Verdier, Orphée Cugat, Thibaut Devillers
Adv. Mater. Technol. 2020, 5, 2000535. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202000535

MEMS FABRICATION USING 2PP TECHNIQUE BASED 3D PRINTER
İshak ERTUGRUL, Nihat AKKUŞ, Ebuzer AYGÜL, Senai YALCİNKAYA
Int. J. of 3D Printing Tech. Dig. Ind., 4(1): 12-17, (2020).

Microfabrication by two-photon lithography, and characterization, of SiO2/TiO2 based hybrid and ceramic microstructures
Desponds, A., Banyasz, A., Montagnac, G. et al.
J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 95, 733–745 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-020-05355-3

Enhancing the Performance of Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Layers Using Ordered Microstructural Design
Daniel Niblett, Vahid Niasar and Stuart Holmes
doi: 10.1149/2.0202001JES - J. Electrochem. Soc. 2020 volume 167, issue 1, 013520

Multi-directional bubble generated streaming flows
Tamsin A. Spelman, Olivier Stephan, Philippe Marmottant
Ultrasonics 2019, 106054, ISSN 0041-624X

Microtopographies control the development of basal protrusions in epithelial sheets
Sylvie Coscoy, Sarah Baiz, Jean Octon, Benoît Rhoné, Lucie Perquis, Qingzong Tseng, François Amblard, and Vincent Semetey
Biointerphases 2018 13:4

Two-photon controlled sol–gel condensation for the microfabrication of silica based microstructures. The role of photoacids and photobases
J.Kustra, E.Martin, D.Chateau, F.Lerouge, C.Monnereau, C.Andraud, M.Sitarz, P.L.Baldeck and S. Parola
RSC Adv., 2017,7, 46615-46620 - DOI: 10.1039/C7RA08608C

Rapid Prototyping of Polymeric Nanopillars by 3D Direct Laser Writing for Controlling Cell Behavior
Nina Buch-Månson, Arnaud Spangenberg, Laura Piedad Chia Gomez, Jean-Pierre Malval, Olivier Soppera & Karen L. Martinez
Scientific Reports 7, Article number: 9247 (2017)
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09208-y

Bubble-based acoustic micropropulsors: active surfaces and mixers
N. Bertin, T. A. Spelman, T. Combriat, H. Hue, O. Stéphan, E. Lauga and P. Marmottant,
Lab Chip, 2017, Advance Article , DOI: 10.1039/C7LC00240H

Rapid Prototyping of Chemical Microsensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Synthesized by Two-Photon Stereolithography
L.P.Chia Gomez, A. Spangenberg, X-A Ton, Y.Fuchs, F. Bokeloh, J-P Malval, B. Tse Sum Bui, D. Thuau, Cédric Ayela, K. Haupt, and O.Soppera
Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 5931–5937 - DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600218

Propulsion of bubble-based acoustic microswimmers.
N. Bertin, Tamsin A. Spelman, O. stephan, L. Gredy, M. Bouriau, E. Lauga and P. Marmottant
Phys. Rev. Appl. 4 (2015) 064012.

High-speed 3D laser printing by two-photon induced chemistry: breaking the centimeter-scale limit.
P. Baldeck, B. Chichkov , M. Farsari, P. Romero, O. Nerea, O. Stephan, K. Heggarty
Photonics West OPTO 2015 SPIE, (2015), vol. 9360-‐34.

Recent advances in two-photon 3D laser lithography with self-Q-switched Nd:YAG microchip lasers.
P.L. Baldeck, P. Prabhakaran, C.-‐Y. Liu, M. Bouriau, L. Gredy, O. Stephan, T. Vergote, H. Chaumeil, J.-P. Malval, Y.-H. Lee, C.-L. Lin, C.-T. Lin, Y. Hsun Hsueh, T.-T. Chung
Proc. SPIE (2013) 8827:6.

Nonlinear Photochemistry and 3D Microfabrication with Q-Switched Nd:YAG Microchip Lasers.
P.L. Baldeck, T. Scheul, M. Bouriau, O. Stephan, J.-P. Malval, C.-L. Lin, C.-T. Lin, C.-L. Tseng, C. Huang, T.-T. Chung
Proc. SPIE (2013) Vol. 8113 811309-‐3.

Laser microstructuration of three-dimensional enzyme reactors in microfluidic channels
Monica Iosin, Teodora Scheul, Clément Nizak, Olivier Stephan, Simion Astilean, Patrice Baldeck
Microfluid Nanofluid (2011) 10:685–690

Microstructuration of protein matrices by laser-induced photochemistry
M. Iosin, O. Stephan, S. Astilean, A. Dupperay, P.L. Baldeck
Journal of optoelectronics and advanced materials, Vol. 9, No. 3, March 2007, p. 716 – 720

Three-dimensional microfabrication by two-photon-initiated polymerization with a low-cost microlaser.
Irène Wang, Michel Bouriau, Patrice L. Baldeck, Cécile Martineau, Chantal Andraud.
Optics Letters, Optical Society of America, 2002, 27 (15), pp.1348-1350. 〈10.1364/OL.27.001348〉